Ratings on Risk Priority Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Appraisals on Risk Priority - Assignment Example A large portion of the materials to be utilized were: Pneumatic nailers, Scaffolding, Power hand apparatuses, Cleaning operators, Sandblasters, Hammers, Hoisting hardware and Paint Sprayers. The venture involves fixing a 4 story building utilizing the previously mentioned materials. The remodel will see the structure have another look with the vast majority of the offices being present day. The remodel procedure makes it feasible for its clients to approach the majority of the hardware and administrations productively. Most nailers were found to have dangerous impacts for the most part on the clients. The greater part of them are associated with a compacted air stream by a long hose, which is an agile risk as laborers do move and move up in the building site. Force hand apparatuses become risky if inappropriately utilized. There are a few force instruments dependent on the wellspring of vitality they are utilized. For example, it gets perilous to utilize power hand device while holding the string or the hose. All gear ought to be utilized properly and in a convenient way to keep away from such impacts. It is the obligation of the undertaking supervisory crew to guarantee that the point of the remodel is accomplished in a free from any potential harm manner.â

Bansonyi essays

Bansonyi articles Sharon Matute October 24, 1999 Craftsmanship 100 007 Professor Sax Craftsmanship can be utilized to contemplate the movement of a human advancement through time. Workmanship is typically used to communicate ones convictions strictly, strategically, and once in a while as a wellspring of correspondence, which is practiced through symbolism. Images in centerpieces can be identified with nature and myths.1 From the start of Chinese history, craftsmanship and reasoning worked connected at the hip with the making of a masterpiece. Chinese workmanship was utilized as proof of a people conduct and mentality towards nature and different creatures (for example the more pleasant the work of art the better the person.)2 During the seventh and eighth hundreds of years Chinese workmanship was at its pinnacle. China as of now was under the locale of the Tang Dynasty. In light of the excellent work being made China turned into a global society. Compositions and models were not by any means the only works that China would get reverence for. Their music and writing (sonnets which some of the time clarified gems) were likewise at their most extravagant points,3 Tang craftsmanship has unique force, authenticity, nobility... There is a positive thinking, a vitality, an honest acknowledgment of unmistakable reality which gives a similar character to all Tang craftsmanship, regardless of whether it be the most impressive fresco from the hand of an ace or the humblest tomb puppet made by the town potter. (Sullivan 160) At the point when a bit of aesthetic work was viewed as acceptable all that truly made a difference was the measure of exertion that went into the piece and not the induction of the people monetary class. Rare materials were utilized all the time in the making of Chinese antiquities. One of the quip popular and loved stones utilized was Jade, which was hard and indestructible. Jade can't be found in China; it was exchanged with Burma, which is situated on the external edge of China, so it is stunning to realize how much work was finished with it in the 600 and 70 ... <!

The Fantasy Worldbuilding Checklist Bring Your Literary Universe to Life

The Fantasy Worldbuilding Checklist Bring Your Literary Universe to Life Whether youre into the intricately complex high fantasy of The Lord of the Rings or you prefer just a dash of fantasy in your urban story setting, the possibilities and options of creating a stellar story that whisks your readers away to another time, realm, dimension, or universe are, truly, endless.However, there are rules. Meh, nix rules per se, although Im certain there are plenty of dedicated, well-read readers and writers of fantasy who would argue that there are, indeed, ironclad laws that accompany any good fantasy story. There are storytelling and worldbuilding elements your reader will expect, either based on their previous readings of fantasy or simply an unconscious expectation of the basic elements of storytelling, just with a fantasy spin.Here, Ill detail for you some of the top elements to consider when youre building your fantasy worldâ€"or realm, dominion, universe, planet, or ecosphereâ€"to life.DescriptionI know. The dreaded D word most writers fear, simply because it can be downright daunting and tiresome, but arguably the most important part of world-building, and thats why Im starting with it. A lot of writers struggle with description because theres a delicate balance that must be achieved, that perfect midway point between not nearly enough and entirely too much. Though most can agree that the aforementioned Lord of the Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien is a fantasy genre cornerstone, it gets as much flak for its lengthy descriptions as it does recognition for its compelling characters and richness of Middle Earth.Perhaps your reader doesnt need to know the species of the trees that dot your plains, or how sewage systems run in your world. They may not need to know that the enormous tapestry hanging in the great hall of your realm was stitched together by ninety-nine tiny, needle-bearing fairiesâ€"then again, if its important to the storyline and to your main characters journey, maybe they do. Maybe that tapestry is an important key to your hero w inning the day, and the secrets they need are kept by those fairies.If (and only if) its important to the storyline, include detailed description. Photo by Marko Blaževic on UnsplashPaint vivid pictures about the world your hero touches because its a world your reader has never visited before. But dont bog down the story and your readers imagination backpack with items they dont need and will only weigh them down on the climb up the mountainside of your story to the climax. Ever read a book that spends a great deal of time on a certain character, place, or item, and then you never read about it again? That would be considered too much unnecessary detail, and chances are, it confused or maybe even frustrated you. Both thingsâ€"confusion and frustrationâ€"are things you want to avoid making your reader feel at all costs. But if you describe a certain character, place, or item and it reappears to play a pivotal part in your heros journey, well done!CharactersVying for the number-one t he most important component of your story are the characters in it. Whos your hero? From where do they hail? Are they rich or poor? Commoner or noble? Do they have powers and/or magic? If so, how does that affect them? What do they look like and how do they dress?Just as important is the supporting cast. Who are your heros friends? Are they human? What other races of creatures and beings live in this world?Whos the villain? Is it an invading force from another realm? Another dimension? An evil, spiritual force? Dont make your villain just a cliché mustache-twirler. Give your villain some depth. Consider what your villain is fighting for as well, and why. Give them as much agency to do their Big Baddie thing as youre giving your hero to save the kingdom, the world, or even just the day.MagicSpeaking of magic, this is a huge aspect of fantasy. Its what sets fantasyâ€"low, high, urbanâ€"apart from other genres of fiction. Magic is, well, magical, but it comes in many different forms. Elemental magic, black magic, white magic. Consider what this might look like in your world.You should always consider what magic might look like in your world. Photo by Rhii Photography on UnsplashConsider also the rules of this magic. Every type of magic has a cost. Perhaps thats a physical deficit to your hero or a mental one. Perhaps every time they shoot a fireball from their hands, a tiny troll explodes. Balance applies to magic in a big way, and it makes the story more interesting. If your hero can lift waggle their finger and decimate their enemy in ten seconds without breaking a sweat, whats the point of the epic journey?Social statusAll societies have a social structure and class of some sortâ€"unless its total anarchy! Where does your world lie, specifically the one your hero is in? Is it a fair society where the classes are about equal, or is it a kingdom, with nobility and royalty? Consider where your hero would best be placed inside the frame of their journey. Class do es matter here, as it will directly influence your heros resources.LawsConsider the laws that govern your story. Similar to magic having rules and a cost, the world your hero lives in should have both, as well. How is the hero being oppressed in their society, or what outside force is oppressing the society they must save? If the oppression is occurring within the society, what are the laws that are holding the hero down or back? How does it affect everyday life?GeographyWhere does your hero live? Where does the story take place? Whats the climate like there? It could be as small as a palace, or as big as an entire world. However, keep in mind that if the story is set in one kingdom inside a large world, and only that one kingdom, describing the rest of the world doesnt really serve the story if it doesnt influence the heros journey. Remember that metaphor from earlier about not weighing down your readers imagination backpack during their trek up the mountainside of your story? Sure , it might be interesting for the reader to know that theres a land of ice to the north, a desert to the south, and water on both sides, but unless those are places your character will visit as part of their journey, its probably okay not to spend more than a few sentences at most mentioning them.If your character will be visiting specific geography, its okay to explain that geography in detail. Photo by Sebastian Herrmann on UnsplashThe opposite is true, as well. If your character is going to embark on an epic journey across the entire land to accomplish their goal, describe each place in rich detail as long as it keeps the plot moving forward. How does the world youve created differ depending on where you are? Is the whole world hot and sandy, or are there varying climates? Let your reader smell the smells, see the sights, feel the tactile elements.WeaponryWhats an epic fantasy story without some epic battles? Might still be a good story, but it could be a great story if you add s ome of those where they work and where they propel the narrative forward. How are battles fought? With magic, weapons, or both? What do those weapons look like? History is a great way to design your weapons. You can take directly from history, or you can use weapons like swords, maces, clubs, battering rams, to expand upon and tweak until youve created something totally unique.ReligionIt is entirely possible that your hero may live in an atheistic society, but most societies have a higher power they believe in. Is your society monotheistic or polytheistic? What kinds of gods or god does the religion have? Is it more spiritual, or are there rituals that need to be observed? What are church services like?Most importantly, how does or doesnt religion influence your hero? Do they struggle with fighting battles because killing is against their beliefs, or do they revel in it, knowing their god has promised glory of some sort? Maybe your story is about your hero finding their relationship with a god or gods. While you dont need to try to model descriptions of your storys religion on the book of Genesis, its probably a good idea to decide up front how much or how little youd like it to influence your world, and go from there.HistoryHistory influences how a society, kingdom, or world perseveres or fails. History precedes the start of every story unless youre writing about the creation of a certain world. But most fantasy stories take place in lands that have long been established. So what happened before the story opens? This, like every other aspect of world-building, needs to be handled with care and balance. Consider your heros journey, and their ultimate goal (which they may not be aware of at the very start of the story). Consider their starting place. How has or how could history influence this journey? How does it affect other aspects of the story? You should avoid a long, drawn-out history lesson at all costs, but pepper in aspects and nuggets of history where they fit and where theyre appropriate.

The Battle Of The Union Line - 1631 Words

Even despite Jackson’s victory on May 2nd, by the next morning Hooker’s forces were still in a strong position. Union forces numbered 76,000 to Lee’s 43,000 and overnight Reynolds’ corps from Fredericksburg had arrived to replace Howard’s defeated corps. Hooker then ordered Sickles to withdraw his men from Hazel Grove to a new position on Plank Road. This decision by Hooker was another costly mistake because it conceded the only high ground to the Confederates. After Sickles’ movement back to Plank Road, the Union line resembled a giant horseshoe around Chancellorsville. At approximately 5:30 a.m., Lee attacked the Union line from all three sides: Stuart, who had taken over for Jackson from the west, Anderson from the southeast, and McLaws from the east. Using their newly acquired ground at Hazel Grove as an artillery platform to support the assault, the Confederates beat back the Union’s fierce resistance around Chancellorsville . At around 10 a.m. after the heaviest fighting of the battle, Hooker ordered his army to retreat to a position circling their ford site of the Rappahannock. As Lee rode up to survey the scene at Chancellorsville wild triumphant shouts came from his soldiers (Sears 365). However, Lee’s moment was cut short upon the news that Sedgwick’s forces had broken through the Confederate’s east flank at Fredericksburg. Sedgwick, following orders from Hooker had attacked Early’s small Confederate contingent left at Fredericksburg at 7 a.m. Early’sShow MoreRelatedThe Battle Of Gettysburg By Bruce Caton1453 Words   |  6 Pages The Battle of Gettysburg took place on July 1st-3rd, 1863 (Gettysburg: heading). The battle occurred in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania which is located in Adams County. Gettysburg is located in a very rocky area and has a lot of hills. It is a market town and its population is made up of mostly farmers (The Battle of Gettysburg 1863: Page 5: Paragraph 2: Line 1). This battle was part of the civil war and is known as the turning point of this war. Gettysburg is also known as oneRead More Battle of Gettysburg Essay539 Words   |  3 Pages The Battle of Gettysburg nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Battle of Gettysburg was the most decisive battle for the North, and it lasted for a total of three days. It began on July 1 and ended on July 3, 1863. The Confederacy was going on the offensive and was beginning to venture into Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Washington D.C. They encountered Union troops as they advanced towards Harrisburg where they planned to cut off Union supply lines and to steal provisions that they needed. The BattleRead MoreHow Did The Minie Ball Affect Infantry Tactics During The U.s. Civil War?1630 Words   |  7 Pagesgunpowder-based weapons, it did not change infantry tactics of battles throughout the war, as both in early and later battles of the war, very similar tactics were used. On July 21st, 1861, two armies from the North and South squared off at a small creek about twenty- five miles southwest of Washington, D.C (Gottfried â€Å"An End to Innocence: The First Battle of Manassas†). This battle would become to be known as the First Battle of Bull Run, or the First Battle of Manassas, as the Southerners called it. The ConfederatesRead MoreThe Confederates Attack Of Gettysburg1175 Words   |  5 PagesLongstreet wants to out flank the Union army and cut off the road to Washington, forcing the Union to attack. Lee prefers that the Confederate army attack the Union army at Gettysburg and defeat them, then take Washington, as Lee believes that defending is not as honorable as attacking. They are interrupted by the sound of cannon fire and Lee decides to ride toward the guns. It is discovered from Buford’s point of view that the rebels have begun to attack, and his line is able to repel the first rebelRead MoreThe First Battle of Bull Run Essay ex amples759 Words   |  4 PagesTHE FIRST BATTLE OF BULL RUN BY COLLINS MCKAY On July 21, 1861, two armies, one confederate and the other Union, prepared for the first major land battle of the Civil War. In 1861 Abraham Lincoln was sworn in as President. The Southern states had seceded and the South had fired on and captured Fort Sumter on April 12 1861. After the Fort Sumter battle, both the North and the South began preparing for war by raising armies. 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The Battle of Chancellorsville wasRead MoreCivil War Was A Terrible Time For America1490 Words   |  6 PagesLindsey White   Battle Analysis: Gettysburg CPT Herkimer MS3   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As the deadliest conflict in American history, the United States Civil war was a terrible time for America.   While it did produce great advancements in American military tactics, technologies, and medical knowledge and technology, it came at the cost of hundreds of thousands of American lives. With brother killing brother, the war was filled with terrible battles, but not many could say they as influential or deadly as GettysburgRead More The First Battle Of Bull Run Essay744 Words   |  3 PagesTHE FIRST BATTLE OF BULL RUN On July 21, 1861, two armies, one confederate and the other Union, prepared for the first major land battle of the Civil War. In 1861 Abraham Lincoln was sworn in as President. The Southern states had seceded and the South had fired on and captured Fort Sumter on April 12 1861. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;After the Fort Sumter battle, both the North and the South began preparing for war by raising armies. This was done quickly and neither side spent muchRead MoreEssay about Civil War Battles of Chancelorsville and Gettysburg871 Words   |  4 Pagesonly two battles in the whole Civil War yet countless lives were lost in each one. These battles were only two months apart. The goal of this paper is to give information on these two Civil War battles Chancelorsville and Gettysburg. The Battle of Chancelorsville In the Battle of Chancelorsville, Hooker was the Union general and Lee was the Confederate general. Hooker had 130,000 men and Lee had 60,000 men. Hooker had more men and supplies and Lee was outnumbered. Before the battle Hooker saidRead MoreThe Battle Of Gettysburg And The Civil War Essay1448 Words   |  6 Pagesmost gruesome war in American History began. The Battle of Gettysburg was fought in the small town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The Union Army under the command of General George G. Meade faced the Confederate Army led by General Robert E. Lee. They clashed for a long, tragic, three days, but at a costly expense of human life. The American Civil War was one of the most significant battles that the United States has ever been engaged in. On the lines, there were brothers lined up across from one another

The Death Penalty Is Justified - 1463 Words

In many eyes across the country the death penalty is widely criticized. The state of Texas has the death penalty, whereas nineteen other states in the United States do not including the state Maine. The death penalty is a way for the states to declare that they don’t tolerate the heinous crimes that some individuals commit. In Texas there are numerous ways that one could be sentenced to death row. Murdering a police officer or firefighter in the line of duty and if the individual knowing that they are a police officer or firefighter, murder for hire or promise of pay, to employ another to commit murder, murder during the act of or attempted act of kidnapping, burglary, robbery, aggravated sexual assault, arson, obstruction, retaliation or terroristic threat, murder during escape or attempted escape from a penal institution, murder during incarceration of a correctional officer or anyway associated with the plan to do so, murder while in prison serving a life sentence or a nin ety-nine year sentence for a conviction of aggravated kidnapping, aggravated sexual assault, or aggravated robbery, murder of more than one person during the same crime or in the same fashion over an extended period of time, murder of a minor under the age of ten, last but not least the murder in retaliation for or on account of the service or status of another person as a judge. What is murder? Murder in my mind is subjective to make my point I will posit the following scenario; a sniper overseas seesShow MoreRelatedIs the Death Penalty Justified?1824 Words   |  8 PagesIs the Death Penalty Justified? Jessica Valentine PHI 103 Informal Logic Professor Stephen Carter March 20, 2012 Is the Death Penalty Justified? The death penalty will always be a topic some people refuse to talk about. When in fact, it is a very serious topic and people should know how and why the death penalty is not justified. I believe the death penalty is not justified in the least bit because there are people sitting up in prison just living life because the state does not want toRead MoreIs Death Penalty Justified?995 Words   |  4 Pages995 Is Death Penalty Justified? Death penalty is the capital punishment given to the person where a person is put to death who has done crime or involved in a crime. It is for those people who is doing the crime intentionally. It is given by the government to the traitors, murderer and so on. The sentence is vindicated by the type of offense committed. There are certain conditions where a death penalty can be correct and should be consider Justified by the government. The death penalty guaranteesRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Justified1534 Words   |  7 Pagesit is ethical to kill a convicted criminal. People who oppose the death penalty often argue mistaken identity and wrongful conviction. They argue that long-term imprisonment is the better course of action, because it allows for the possibility that if a mistake was made in the conviction of a suspect, they would be able to correct it without ending the life of an innocent person. They also state that the threat of the death penalty is not a deterrent and people will commit crimes regardless, as oftenRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Justified1346 Words   |  6 Pagespast and recent years, the death penalty has remained a huge debate between individuals that agree or disagree whether the death penalty is justifiable punishment or not. Is capital punishment truly a justified and powerful approach to the violations of specific prisoners? Many individuals believe that having the death penalty is cruel and inhumane. Others believe that people who commit such heinous crimes should be punished with the death penalty. Instilling the death penalty is the same as saying â€Å"eyeRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Justified1828 Words   |  8 PagesThe Death Penalty Daniel Heydari Professor Sheldon Philosophy 262-0 12 October 2015 1.) The author of this letter, submitted to the New York Times, claims that the death penalty is wholly and morally justified, seeing as its existence results in the lessening of violent deaths and gun use due to the perpetrator’s fear of killing a person in haste and thus being given the death penalty. 2.) The author argues his claim of the death penalty being justified as a means of punishment for violent crimesRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Justified923 Words   |  4 Pagespilots who also had to bomb innocents to win the war,† (Gorman). More recently, a common trend has been the disapproval of the death penalty, exhibited by the thirteen percent drop in the number of people on death row since Spring of 2005 (Death Penalty Info. Center). Life without parole has become the preferred sentence of unavoidable capital punishment. The death penalty has frequently been viewed as inhumane. However, isn’t lack of remorse for such vile acts inhumane? 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Many people will disagree with the death penalty because it goes against their moral beliefs, this is thought process is seen more in the northern states. However, here in the south the death penalty is strongly believed in by most, but who is put to death and why? Did they deserve this sentence or were theyRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Justified1603 Words   |  7 PagesTHE DEATH PENALTY Many nations have criminals to punish, but what’s changing is how they punish their criminals. Most countries, even some states, have come to the realization that the death penalty is an unfair, inhumane, unconstitutional, and irreversible punishment that’s much too severe and is an unfit punishment for a fair and just society. Internationally, the U.S. ranks fifth in terms of the number of prisoners put to death, putting America in such ill-esteemed company as the regimesRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Justified858 Words   |  4 PagesSince the foundation of our nation the Death Penalty has been a way to punish prisoners that have committed heinous crimes, however since the turn of the 20th century the practice of Capital Punishment has been questioned on its usage in America and the world as a whole. The Death Penalty is used in America to punish criminals who have committed murders, or taken the life of an innocent person, and while the death penalty seems like it is doing justice to those who have killed others it is actually

Couples Should Live Together Free Essays

Rhea Belgrave Ms. Pleming English 1302_ 5 6 November 2012 Couples Should Live Together before Getting Married In my mother’s house it was never discussed whether I should live with someone before I get married. In Trinidad and Tobago it is a normal for a man and a woman to live together and not have plans for marriage. We will write a custom essay sample on Couples Should Live Together or any similar topic only for you Order Now With this being said, my mother does not want me to live together with my boyfriend until after I get married. I believe that this can sometime break up good relationships. When couples don’t have to chance to live together while they are dating, it makes their first year of marriage more difficult than it needs to be. Couples tend to argue a lot, mostly because they are afraid and the possibility that have made a mistake by getting married. Living together before making your vows reassures couples of their lifelong commitment. I believe that couples should live together before getting married, so they can start to know each other on a closer view, more personal level; moreover, they can start thinking about the compatibility of their future spouse. Couples start knowing each other on a closer, more personal level when they live together, which prepares them for a married lifestyle. For starters, you learn what your partner likes and dislikes, although this isn’t always easy. There is a lot to discover about your partner and from your partner; the only way to do this successfully is to move in together. For example, does he like broccoli, a special TV show or sleeping with the windows open? Maybe he likes to spend the whole weekend on the couch watching basketball! Believe it or not, it’s little details like these that can often make or break a relationship. Second, you learn what kind of bad habits you and your partner have and whether or not you can get rid of them. For instance, I really don’t like it when people forgets to fill the ice trays, forgets to replace the empty toilet paper holder, or leaves the toilet seat up; I, on the other hand, tend to leave my clothes in a pile, all wrinkled, when they come out of the dryer. Moreover, you can see how much fun you have with each other and realize how much you would miss by not getting married. Try to plan a vacation in advance, have a dinner date in town after work, or go to the movies on a Wednesday night when you know you have to get up for work the next morning. In other words, find out how romantic and imaginative your partner can be. Life can be tough and boring; it takes two creative and motivated people to keep a relationship alive. I think that couples can make a wiser decision about the lifelong compatibility of their future spouse if they live together. To begin, you can learn if you or your partner is ready for marriage by seeing his or her reaction to the â€Å"m† word-marriage. You need to ask yourself if you are ready to have children with your partner, and if you are ready to stay with this person for the rest of your life through thick and thin. It is also beneficial to learn if you and your partner are both suited for monogamy; some people find it hard to be sexually faithful to one person. In addition, you can see how your partner reacts to real-life situations. If something dramatic happens to one of you, like a car accident or a major illness, what is his reaction going to be and how will he behave differently in private or in public? Perhaps he is the type of guy who talks big, but can’t handle life’s difficult moments or be a good caretaker. Finally, living together you won’t have the pressure of a marriage certificate hanging over your head, especially when some people have a real phobia about that little piece of paper. Living together means that the taxes are easier, you do not have expenses in case of a messy divorce, and you can make a lot of decisions before you enter into a relationship that is bad for your health, physically and emotionally. Being free of the pressures of marriage, you stand a better chance of knowing your partner as a real person. I do believe that couples should live together before they get married. Not only does it draw them closer but they are able to see one and other from and inside out prospective. This is the best advice that I can pass along to others. How to cite Couples Should Live Together, Essay examples

The Business of Business is to Make Profit Critical Analysis

A firm must do business in a manner that satisfies the expectation of the community; each person living in the community has specific responsibilities towards it.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Business of Business is to Make Profit: Critical Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More An individual, for instance, must respect social norms and values of conduct while a firm is allowed by the community to continue with its business operations and thus earn income as long as that business is sustainable. However, there are undesirable activities increase the earnings of the firm at the expenses of the community by adversely affecting the community at large (Yunus, 2007). Thus, the question becomes, should the firm be operated to the advantage of its shareholders with the sole intention of increasing profits maximally regardless of the harm it does to the society, or should it take the principles of Corporate Soc ial Responsibility and focus on legal, ethical and philanthropic expectations that have been place on it by government. The main purpose of business is making profit. Friedman argues that it is a social responsibility of every business. Managers have right to conduct business in accordance with the employer’s desire. It is no wonder that the main desire of every employer is to make as much money as possible, even if it is confronting social rules. Business cannot be responsible, only people can have responsibilities (Friedman, 1970). Business cannot be moral. Managers use CSR only to for their own projects and talking about â€Å"responsible manager or businessman†, we can talk only about a person who is subjective to social opinion. Business is all about making money and making profit, it is the main purpose of any business. Consequently, corporations can only contribute to the society when they make a good business. All social responsibilities are preoccupations of t he government and state. Many companies used to follow the motto that â€Å"the main purpose of business is making profit†. There are endless examples of such behaviour of the companies. For example, Clasbeek (2003) provides the example of the British American Tobacco and Phillip Morris who did not provide full information about the influence of tobacco on health. As a result, it led to the addiction and death of their customers, many got tobacco-related illnesses (Glasbeek, 2003). The Nestle company also provided its products in poor countries, as a result, a number of babies got sick (Glasbeek, 2003).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, can we punish these companies? On the one hand, their products were harmful, on the other hand, the companies were not responsible for the customers and the products people chose to consume. The actions of these companies were b ased on the Friedman theory. There is some evidence to support this theory and prove that company should not be regulated by social rules. First, by being socially responsible the firm violates its profit maximization aim. This argument is based on the fact that firm exists only to make profit, a firm may actually best accomplish social responsibility if it earns higher profits by increasing effectiveness and decreasing costs (Friedman, 1970). The research by Keith Davis (1973) provides the other arguments that support Friedmans’ point of view. He writes that the managers are the agents of the stakeholders and their main responsibility is to maximize the profit. The economic doctrine is the profit maximization. Thus, social and responsibility issues should not bother corporations and business people, as they are not responsible for the customer’s decisions. The very idea of social responsibility means that it’s basically an ethical problem because it entails the subject of what is ethically wrong or right compared with the company’s responsibilities. Various people support the notion that a company’s social responsibility should only be towards its shareholders, while others hold contradictory perspective and argue that companies have a social responsibility of serving the community. These days, the issues of social responsibilities that are regulated by ethical theories, that enter the business environment are regulated by social norms and provide key perspectives for business ethics (Crane Matten, 2004). The primary relations between society and business are economic one. These days, the issues of social and environmental impact and increased legislations in the areas of environmental protection and social welfare have lead corporations to reorganize and re-evaluate their business activities. However, the focus has always been done on corporate interests (Banerjee, 2008). The CSR provides another vision of the business/soc iety relations and argues that they should be based on societal interests. CSR strategies work under certain conditions, however, they are subjective to failures that can appear in market. And when the financial health of the company is questioned, and the choice must be made between the well-being of the company and ethical principles, gaining profit always wins. (Doane, 2005)Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Business of Business is to Make Profit: Critical Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As an example of a successful use of the Corporate Social Responsibility is Nike. These days, Nike is considered to be a global leader among companies that focus on the improvement of the labour standards. They published on its Web page the list of its factories and social reports. They have their own strategies to confront activities (Doane, 2005). A firm exists to offer services and goods to satisfy the needs of the community. Although, profit motivation is a vital justification for carrying out business operations, it must be seen as a consequence of firm’s service to the society. In actual fact, the success and development of firm is probable only by constant service to the community (Brockway, 1995). The second approach of the business ethics is based on the Stakeholder theory. For example, the owners of ATT widely dispread the stock of the former company among 3 million stockholders and was latter help by large groups of public stockholders, as well as among small family groups (Freeman, 2008). Stakeholders theory presupposes that organizations are dependent on their stakeholders for resources. Stakeholders should provide the resources and services taking into consideration ethical criteria. Thus, they should consider other stakeholders, as well as managers should also consider them. Moreover, the organizational performance can be increased if stakeholders consider the sharehold ers. Sustainability is another issue of the corporate social responsibility. These days, large corporations are preoccupied with the environmental issues. For example, Toyota Australia is one of the companies that care about sustainable environment. In its Environmental Report 2003, it reported about new approaches to environmental management. They established new recycle-oriented vision, provided environmental initiative, invested in â€Å"Natural Step Training conducted for manufacturing employees† (Environmental Report, 2003). Thus, we come to a conclusion that despite the main goal of business is to make profit, corporate responsibility is extremely important for successful business as well. There are many different points of view on business social responsibilities. However, gaining profit regardless social rules is unacceptable in modern society.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More More and more corporate organizations adopt Corporate Social Responsibilities strategies and prove that successful results can be achieved. Moreover, business ethics is crucial for successful management. Thus, sensible development, consideration of the customer’s needs, improved internal and external communication should be an inseparable part of the business management. The responsibilities must be shared among stakeholders, as well as managers and shareholders. In spite of the firm and whether non-profit or profit motivated, the managers and owners must keep in mind that whilst profit is necessary to support marketing and innovation activities, it is not the sole purpose of the firm existence as these activities are at times dreadful for community and risky to the firm’s long-term performance. Reference List Banerjee, B. (2008). Corporate Social Responsibility: The good, the bad and the ugly. Crit Sociol, 34(51), DOI: 10.1177/0896920507084623. SAGE. Brockway, G. P. ( 1995). The end of Economic Man, 3rd ed. New York: W. W. Norton. Clasbeek, H. (2003). The invisible friend. New Internationalist, 113-115. Davis, K. (1973). The Case for and against business assumption of social responsibilities. Academy of Management Journal, 16(2), 312-322. doi:10.2307/255331 Doane, D. (2005). The myth of CSR. Stanford Social Innovation Review, 23-29. Environmental Report. (2003). Toyota Motor Corporation Australia Limited. Retrieved from: https://www.toyota.com.au/ Freeman R. E. (2008). General issues in business ethics. In Joseph D. Van Zandt (Eds). Ethical issues in business: a philosophical approach. Prentice Hall: Pearson. Friedman, M. (1970). The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase its Profits. New York Times Magazine (September 13), 56-61. Lewis, G. (2010). The social Responsibility of business is to increase profit. Web. Pava, Moses L. (2008). Why Corporations Should Not Abandon Social Responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 83(4), 805-812, DOI: 10.1007/s10551-008-9666-7 Yunus, M. (2007). Social Business. Web. This essay on The Business of Business is to Make Profit: Critical Analysis was written and submitted by user Liv Castro to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Factory Farming essays

Factory Farming essays The human race has a way of masking its deepest and darkest aspects. We, as a race, would rather make everything look pleasant. This human characteristic can be seen by looking at what animal farming has become in recent times. A change in the way farming is carried out has taken place. The farming industry has become a highly cruel and competitive business in which the well being of animals is no longer taken into consideration. The only concern is finding the easiest was to make large amounts of money. This current and degraded style of animal farming is called factory farming. As human beings, we may like to believe that each and every one of us is a decent person. We perhaps would rather believe that not a single person in our species is capable of delivering heartless and inhumane treatment towards animals. It would be nice if this was the case. It is not. With a strong mind and with strength and courage we can look through the masked world that some corporations have tried to create and see the truth. In this case it is the difference between believing the false world that large and greedy corporations try to create for us or looking beyond it to find the truth. In order to understand the truth, we must be aware of the whole picture. While we may understandably buy into the views that large corporations (such as McDonalds) promote, it is also important to understand how animals are treated in the process of delivering us these (seemingly very convenient) fast foods. Just recently my eyes were opened up and I was shown the entire picture around factory farming. Previously, I was completely unaware of this harsh mistreatment towards animals. By looking back on myself and seeing how oblivious I was it is easy to see how many other Americans are either unaware or in denial of the of the ugly facts around factory farming. There are many causes to the current unfortunate practices in the factory farming in...

Torvald Helmers Monologue From A Dolls House

Torvald Helmer's Monologue From 'A Doll's House' Torvald Helmer, the male lead in A Doll’s House, can be interpreted in several ways. Many readers view him as a domineering, self-righteous control freak. Yet, Torvald can also be seen as a cowardly, misguided but sympathetic husband who fails to live up to his own ideal. In either case, one thing is for certain: He does not understand his wife. In this scene, Torvald reveals his ignorance. Moments before this monolog he declared he no longer loved his wife because she had brought shame and legal calamity to his good name. When that conflict suddenly evaporates, Torvald recants all of his hurtful words and expects the marriage to go back to â€Å"normal.† Unbeknownst to Torvald, his wife Nora is packing up her things during his speech. As he speaks these lines, he believes he is repairing her wounded feelings. In truth, she has outgrown him and plans to leave their home forever. The Monologue Torvald:(Standing at Nora’s doorway.) Try and calm yourself, and make your mind easy again, my frightened little singing-bird. Be at rest, and feel secure; I have broad wings to shelter you under. (Walks up and down by the door.) How warm and cozy our home is, Nora. Here is a shelter for you; here I will protect you like a hunted dove that I have saved from a hawks claws; I will bring peace to your poor beating heart. It will come, little by little, Nora, believe me. Tomorrow morning you will look upon it all quite differently; soon everything will be just as it was before. Very soon you wont need me to assure you that I have forgiven you; you will yourself feel the certainty that I have done so. Can you suppose I should ever think of such a thing as repudiating you or even reproaching you? You have no idea what a true mans heart is like, Nora. There is something so indescribably sweet and satisfying, to a man, in the knowledge that he has forgiven his wife- forgiven her freely, and with all his heart. It seems as if that had made her, as it were, doubly his own; he has given her a new life, so to speak, and she is in a way become both wife and child to him. So you shall be for me after this, my little scared, helpless darling. Have no anxiety about anything, Nora; only be frank and open with me, and I will serve as will and conscience both to you- . What is this? Not gone to bed? Have you changed your things?

Iraq Memo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Iraq Memo - Essay Example Katrina victims, requiring nothing more than 2.5% of the total cost of the war to date, in relief aid, have not been granted those funds due to the unavailability of resources (Becker and Posner, 2004). In other words, the economic cost of the war is such that it is adversely affecting the quality of life in the country and capacity of federal and state governments to extend much need services to their populations. Iraq war has incited anti-American sentiments across the world, including in Europe. As Albrechtsen (2007) quotes a European thinker and writer, Markovitz as saying: "European anti-Americanism is becoming an unprecedented Europe-wide lingua franca †¦ key mobilizing agent for a common European identity.† Defense analysts maintain that troop levels in Iraq and Afghanistan are â€Å"sapping’ American military power and undermining its capacity to effectively defend the mainland (Conetta, Knight and Murphy, 2004); and Apart from the political implications of the economic and the national security concerns cited in the above, the argument for a phased withdrawal from Iraq is further predicated on a set of domestic political concerns. Central to these concerns is the divisive nature of the war. The war in Iraq has divided the American people and, in so doing, has transformed the very concept of political debate and differences of opinion in this country, into conflict. While divisions and disagreements are not new to American society, they have only reached their present heights in very few instances, such as the Civil Rights Movement and the Vietnam War (Black and Black, 2007). This means that the very concept of national unity and cohesion, such as which make nations strong and ensure social stability, are being undermined by the Iraq War. This, in itself, is a strong and powerful indicator of the

World Trade - Global Economics in the 21st Century Essay

World Trade - Global Economics in the 21st Century - Essay Example In the United States, trade deficits with China have soared as American products are unable to compete with the less expensive Chinese imports. American agricultural exports of corn, soybeans, and wheat reach markets all around the globe as vegetables from Chile and Mexico fill our supermarket shelves. Trade is everywhere and world trade seems to be a chaotic mix of goods and money, commodities and cash. However, world trade, administered under regional trade agreements and the World Trade Organization, are actually rather well-orchestrated transactions with rules, agreements, quotas, and regional trade organizations. A central component of the agreements on international trade is the World Trade Organization (WTO). The WTO is the "only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations" (What is the WTO?). The WTO was established in 1995 as a successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The GATT evolved as an international forum for establishing fair trade guidelines, negotiating agreements, and settling trade disputes. The biggest accomplishment of the international forum is that it has "dramatically lowered both tariff and non-tariff barriers around the world, creating freer trade and contributing to postwar world growth" (Democratizing the World Trade Organization). In addition, the WTO has addressed the issues of quotas and subsidies that give nations an unfair advantage on the world market. The 153 members of the WTO have agreed to non-discrimination in regards to tariff levels among the member nations, and have agreed to treat them all equa lly. The WTO is simply an organization that works to liberalize trade and reduces the barriers to international commerce. The vast amount of world trade is conducted under the WTO and is regulated by a set of agreed-upon principles. All members agree to treat all other members equally.

Types Of Mobility For Mobile Computing Computer Science Essay

Types Of Mobility For Mobile Computing Computer Science Essay The development in last 20 years in the field of telecommunication and the integration of telecommunication with internet has promised pervasive computing infrastructure. These pervasive systems allow users to access their information on the internet irrespective of their location. In addition, the advancement in devices miniaturization increases the number of portable devices connect to the internet like mobile phone, laptops, palmtops net books, PDAs, etc. In these scenarios we can consider different types of mobility. User mobility, Terminal mobility, Mobile access to resources.  ¿Ã‚ ½User mobility requires providing users with a uniform view of their preferred working environments ¿Ã‚ ½ user preferences and subscribed services ¿Ã‚ ½independent of their current positions in the network ¿Ã‚ ½.[1]  ¿Ã‚ ½Terminal mobility allows devices to transparently move and connect to different points of attachment ¿Ã‚ ½.[1]  ¿Ã‚ ½Mobile access is an emerging issue that involves th e dynamic adaptation of mobile-aware resources and services that mobile users and terminals can automatically retrieve regardless of their current location ¿Ã‚ ½.[1] Having considered the above types of mobility, mobile computing needs an advanced infrastructure which should dynamically trace and relocate mobile users and grant coordination between mobile entities. The infrastructure should also provide proper security level based on cryptographic mechanisms and tools. According to the given research paper three mobile computing services have been proposed: user virtual environment (UVE),mobile virtual terminal (MVT), and virtual resource management (VRM).  ¿Ã‚ ½UVE provides users with a uniform view of their working environments independent of current locations and specific terminals. MVT extends traditional terminal mobility by preserving the terminal execution state for restoration at new locations, including active processes and subscribed services. VRM permits mobile users and terminals to maintain access to resources and services by automatically requalifying the bindings and moving specific resources or services to permit load balancing and replication ¿Ã‚ ½.[1] SOMA-BASED MIDDLEWARE SOMA stands for Secure and Open Mobile Agent. SOMA is a service infrastructure for developing and implementing MA-based internet applications. SOMA consist of 4 layers. As shown in figure 1: Figure 1: http://www-lia.deis.unibo.it/Software/MA/Images/Mobile1.jpg The upper most layer is for mobility support which provides UVE (User Virtual Environment), MVT(Mobile Virtual Terminal), VRM(Virtual Resource Management). The next layer provides naming, security, migration, interoperability, persistence, communication and Quality of Service. The other two layers are a JVM (JAVA Virtual Machine) and a heterogeneous distributed system. SOMA is basically a JAVA based mobile agent which has been designed to provide the requirements of mobility, scalability, dynamicity, security and openness which are the typical issues in the internet scenarios. The two main goals to develop SOMA were interoperability and security. On one side, SOMA is based on detailed security model and provide a good range of mechanisms and tools to develop and enforce true security policies with flexibility. On the other side, SOMA is able to communicate and interact with different components of applications which are designed with different programming languages and platforms. Apart from interoperability and security features, SOMA is automatically and dynamically manageable and configurable and it provides the location abstraction to achieve scalability in a global scenario. The mobility of the mobile devices has introduced new security challenges like mobile can be hacked by the execution of malicious environment, may be cloned illegally to cause DoS (denial of service), or may be denial for roaming. These issues have been overcome in SOMA implementation as SOMA permits to protect both: agents come from malicious hosts and hosts from malicious agents. During the design and implementation of SOMA, number of challenges were faced to provide interoperability like SOMA application as server of COBRA, SOMA as COBRA clients, interoperability between COBRA components and SOMA, etc On the other hand, SOMA is a bit slow because of its extra security mechanisms, it involves different tools and techniques to provide more security which makes it slow as compare to other mobile agents but off course it is more secure than other mobile agents. As the name suggest secure and open mobile agent, its openness has introduced some more challenges to it especially for e-com merce applications so there is a need to improve it as nothing is perfect. Q2: All the MA(Mobile Agent) standards seem to be a promising platforms for implementing and developing applications in distributed, heterogeneous and open environments like the Internet. MAs try to overcome most of the limits of the conventional Client/Server model because of the basic features they have, such as autonomy and flexibility and can effortlessly integrate with the internet to extend accessibility of applications. Most of the application areas, like e-commerce, network management, mobile computing and information retrieval can benefit from the use of the mobile agent technology. There has been a lot of work done in this field. Like many mobile applications have been developed like we studies SOMA, there are some other application as well like SeMoA, Aglets, fraglets, etc. There are some advantages which all the mobile agents try to provide: Dynamic adaptation, flexibility, tolerance to network errors/faults, parallel processing, etc. Dynamic adaptation is the adaptation of t he different host environments. Tolerance to network faults means ability of mobile agent to operate without an active connection between server and client. Flexibility means to only source must be updated whilst changing an action of the agent. Comparing SOMA with other mobile agents, SOMA provides more security and openness as its name says. If we talk about SeMoA (Secure Mobile Agent) it has its own limitations, such as SeMoA is not very strong against a large number of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks like memory exhaustion. On the other hand SOMA has been designed taking into account security as a main property because SOMA protects both: agents come from malicious hosts and hosts from malicious agents. Another problem with SeMoA is that there are many classes in the core package that synchronize on the object of class itself. As local classes are shared and the visibility of local classes is global so any agent that access them and acquires a lock on such class objects blocks other threads to access them. On the other hand if we compare SOMA with fraglets which is very small computer program which has been designed to serve as a part of active network instead of a mobile agent. Fraglets have the ability to execute the codes on the path the travel by such as routers or hubs. Part 2: Q1:. Pervasive computing is a dream of personal computing where future living environments are saturated with non-intrusive, flawlessly operating services available for the user. To fully understand this dream these services are to adapt to the present situation of the environments, together with the economical/social situation of the user. Systems that use data about the state of either its system, users or the environment to settle in their behavior are called context-aware systems. Realizing context-awareness has introduced problems on different level: First, defining a context. Second, how and what can be adjusted when the context changes and where the context adaptation and definition comes from? Third, identify different contexts from sensor. Fourth, how a context can be represented and processed. But before that we have to understand the definition of context. The most cited definition of context by Dey is:  ¿Ã‚ ½Context is any information that can be used to characterize the sit uation of an entity. An entity is a person, place, or object that is considered relevant to the interaction between a user and an application, including the user and applications themselves ¿Ã‚ ½.[1] Representation: Unique Identifiers: The system should be able to recognize different type of contexts and environments in the real world. Uniqueness allow the reuse of that information without conflicting between identifiers. For example, If the user is driving a car so accelerometer can be used to detect the speed of the user. Validation: Validation should always be allowed for an information taken by the sensor before performing any action with it. For example, if the accelerometer indicates that the speed of user is fast (i.e. he/she is in the car) this does not mean that he/she is driving, this information should be validated before performing any action. For instance consider the condition that if I am driving I cannot answer the calls so reject the call and send a message saying I will call you later. But if I am in the car but I am not driving than I can answer the calls so the information from the accelerometer has to be validated before rejecting the calls. Uncertainty and incomplete information: As almost all of the context information of the real world is taken from the sensors, the information can be incomplete and uncertain. If we include reasoning uncertainty of the conclusions should follow the reasoning. Simplicity, reuse, and expandability: A system should supply only as expressive representation as necessary to maintain the domain knowledge. A simple representation endorse reuse and expandability. Simplicity, flexibility and expandability are among the requirements of context representation. Generality: Generality of context representation means the ability to support all types of context information. In my estimation, generality of a context representation is mostly described by its conceptual structure. Nevertheless, the clarity of a representation language which is used to generate the context information also vary its ability to generate context information at different levels of complexity. Q2. Introduction WAP (wireless application protocol) is a protocol to offer mobile data services. WAP is an open international standard that permits users to access global information instantly through any wireless device mobile phone, PDA, etc. WAP is normally supported by all operating systems. Browsers that uses WAP are called micro-browser. The rate of transfer of data is still very lower than the normal modem. On the other hand, I-mode is a complete mobile internet service that includes a large range of internet standards such as e-mail, sports results, weather forecast, news headlines, etc. This information is provided to the user by particular services from mobile carriers who charge them for these services. As the rate of transfer of the data is lower than the average modem, i-mode is not good enough for high resolution images and videos, it is basically sufficient for simple graphics and emails. Protocols WAP uses Wireless Markup Language (WML) for communication. while on the other hand i-Mode uses a different type of HTML which is called compact HTML (c-HTML). Capabilities of Devices WAP devices have to have a specific WAP browser while i-Mode supporting devices have to be able to display data from c-HTML. WAP capable devices show only textual information while i-Mode supporting devices shows multimedia images. WAP gives navigation among layered menus while i-Mode gives navigation via hyperlinks. Architecture WAP makes use of a unique language called WML (Wireless Markup Language) for interaction between a specific protocol translation device called a Gateway of WAP (GW) and information on the Internet. The GW communicates between HTML and WML, permits supply of WAP content to a WAP supporting device. iMode obeys a dissimilar approach to allow users to access IP-based services via their portable device. i-MODE is uses packet data transmission technology, a machine using this technology is continuously online. The transfer of the data makes use of the CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access). Graphics: One of the most main difference that appears, are clearly the dissimilar graphic capabilities. While it is right that i-MODE only allows simple graphics, that is much more than WAP. Charges: Another main dissimilarity is the capability of being always-on in i-MODE. As consumer are not charged for how long they serve online, it doesnt seem more suitable, but also less expensive than have to pay for the time they spent online. As it is not needed that dial-up before using the a variety of services based on IP, E-mail has become an SMS (Short Message Service). Part 3: Q1:. In CCA the InfoStations system is an infrastructural system concept offering many time, many-where access to wireless data services sustaining the portable communication process. This concept enables a variety of classes of portable devices to communicate with each other and with a large number of servers. Intelligent agents operating in the portable device users domain (Personal Assistants-PAs) and the InfoStations help to facilitate a contextualized and personalized environment for the system users. System functionality is offered as a set of flexible mobile services. To assist the personalization of these services, the User Agent Profile (UAProf) and Composite Capabilities/Preference Profile (CC/PP) terms are derived to enable the Personal Assistants express capability and preference information (CPI) about both the access device and the user as well. This makes sure that the offered services are adapted to suit the device capabilities, wireless network constraints and the user as well. Behavior of infoStation: Because of the fact that nature of the connection is defused, it is important for intelligent agents to work throughout the architecture. Being a PA (Personal Assistant), the agent may function automatically in order to convince any user service needs they encounter, while in or out of interaction with other agents which are working on InfoStation Centre or the InfoStation. The service sessions may be divided between different InfoStations, the personal assistant can make a service call while within the scope of an InfoStation, and then go out of the coverage area. During this time when the user goes out from InfoStation coverage, the personal assistant functions automatically adopt the functionality of the service till the user has completed the task. The InfoStations houses the Discovery, Presentation and Rendering Self-Service module, which is used to establish connections to mobile devices which enter within range. Also housed is a cache of recently accessed user and service prof iles, as well as a repository of available services.[4] Q2: Behavior of infoStation Centre: The InfoStation Centre stands at the centre of the system, which deals with the formation and updating of contents/objects throughout the system. From InfoStation Centre which acts as a central point, service updates can be spread across the whole system. All the infoStations are connected with the InfoStation centre which acts as a server of these infoStations. InfoStation centre is aware of all the devices connected to the infoStations but it communicates with infoStations only, it does not communicate directly to the devices connected to the infoStations. For instance a mobile device wants to communicate with the other mobile device connected with different InfoStation then the device will send a request to its InfoStation then the InfoStation send this request to InfoStation Centre and then InfoStation centre sends the request to the InfoStation to which the receiver device is connected with. Q3: Bob[ Alice :: .0 ] | Alice [ Bob: ( hello ).0 ] -> Alice [ { hello > hello } ] Q4: Bob[Alice::.0] | Alice[Bob: (hello).0 ] Q6: Bob[Alice::.0 ] |Alice[Bob: (hello).0 ] |IS1[in IS4.out.0] |IS4[0 ]|IS4[in IS2.out.0 ]

Dr Jack Perry Motivation case Essay

This case revolves around Dr. Jack Perry, the protagonist, is proprietary dentist clinic. Dr. Perry is a successful dentist in a small town of Cromwell in Canada. He had purchased the practice from a retiring dentist and has been successful in his practice considerably. However, he now faces a management problem of motivating his employees who are suffering from low morale and do not seem to be working as hard as they could to help increase the revenue of the clinic. Dr. Perry, had attended a dental conference in Chicago in 2005, and recalled two approaches to profit sharing which would help in motivating the employees. He now faces the dilemma as to which one of the two pay structures would be best suited for his practice as selecting a wrong pay structure could lead to further de-motivation of his employees. BACKGROUND OF THE CASE Dr. Jack Perry has managed to run a thriving dentistry practice in Cromwell which had a population of only 3000 and served an additional 7000 people from the surrounding areas. He had little competition in the form of 3 other dentists. Dr. Perry has sound financials and is witnessing a growth rate of 15 % annually. In conformance with industry norms Dr. Perry employs three categories of employees namely, receptionists, hygienists and assistants. At present he employs two part time receptionists, two full time hygienists, one full time assistant and one part time assistant. His employees were paid their wages at competitive hourly rates prevalent in the market. In addition to their hourly wages, they were given an Annual cash bonus of $400 during Christmas which was well appreciated by his employees. Dr. Jack Perry was quite involved with his staff by regularly discussing their work and salary on an informal basis. He allowed his employees 3 weeks holidays in a year. As a result Dr. Perry had virtually no staff turnover. Despite the his easy going manner, competitive salary and a pleasant work environment, Sandi the receptionist, had concluded that the morale was low among the staff, an observation Dr. Perry had made himself. OBJECTIVES To study the benefits and drawbacks of the two pay structures , its financial impact on the employees and how they would help him resolve the issue of low morale in the organization. To suggest the best suited pay-structure for Dr. Perry’s practice which would help him increase his collections by motivating his employees. CHARACTER SKETCH OF DR.PERRY Dr. Jack Perry is a dentist who has completed his graduation from an Ontario University dental school in 2011. He was a sole practitioner dentist in Cromwell, Ontario. Becoming a dentist in Canada was a rigorous process which required a lot of hard work and which included three years of study at the undergraduate level, followed by four years at an accredited dental school. Perry was happy with his work as he was giving competition to other three dentists in Cromwell. He was doing far better than his competitors and was proud of the financial success which came along with it. His business was now growing at 15 per cent annually. Perry had created a comfortable and easy going environment at the workplace. He used to have informal meetings with the staff annually to discuss the work and salary. His staffs were given three weeks of holiday per year. Not only this, but he also allowed his staff to take further unpaid vacation time as long as they can provide him with another staff member to handle their shifts. This gave the flexibility to the staff members as this thing made easier for them to spend some time with their families. All the team plans and organize the Christmas party before Christmas holidays. He used to give cash bonus for their hard work throughout the year. He was a benevolent boss. CASE ANALYSIS 1. The main reason for the decaying employee morale was the quick growth of the business. Dr. Perry’s employees were well compensated at competitive market rates and enjoyed a pleasant working environment. The annual growth of the business (15%) meant that his employees were making relatively less money than Dr. Perry himself. The current pay structure did not have any provision for any category of employees to earn a proportion of the profits. Every employee has a fixed hourly salary. Thus, a bigger business meant that they felt like slave labourers since they were aware of the increase in the practice’s revenues and number of patients. 2. Dr. Perry’s revenues largely depended on the hygienists who generated about 40% of the revenues. Even the receptionists played a vital role in adding to the revenue by filling in cancelled appointments. His assistants too contributed by playing the role of nurses by comforting the patients which further helped in patient retention. Thus it would seem only fair that a part of the profits must be shared with the employees in the form of a variable pay structure. 3. As per the conference which Dr. Perry had attended, the first approach of remunerating the employees focused on the contribution of the hygienists only. As per this approach, the hygienists would be paid purely on a commission basis of around 40% of the total earnings. The main advantages of this system are: It recognises the direct effect of the hygienists’ efforts on the revenues of the practice and rewards them for the same. A 40% commission would be financially more beneficial to the hygienists assuming the current level of collections. Also it is forecasted that such a pay structure would result in an increase in the billings by about 13%. The major drawback of this system is that it simply does not completely recognize the contribution of the receptionists and the assistants in the revenue generation of the firm. The pay structure does not clearly define how commission would be linked to the total earning of the receptionists and the assistants. Also, by making the earnings of the hygienists completely dependent on the revenue, it may lead to dissatisfaction of the hygienists of the collections did not increase. 4. The second approach states that the employees should be given a share of the profits at a pre established percentage over and above their hourly wage rates. This method ensured that : Some parts of the profits were distributed to all the categories of employees. At the same time since the employees would receive their hourly rates in any case, it would give them a sense of security and eventually help in maintaining the pleasant work atmosphere. However, this method did not distinguish between the categories of employees who contributed more to the revenues than those who contributed comparatively less. This could lead to de-motivation of the hygienists who had a direct impact on the revenues of the companies. Solutions/Suggestions For Hygienist : 1. Perry’s Clinic should recognise best skilled hygienists. Perry should conduct special trainings for the underperformers and bring them to the same level. 2. Targets of hygienists need to be on a similar alignment as that of the firm. 3. Teamwork needs to be motivated through annual bonus. 4. Incentives can be introduced to keep the results persistent. 5. The firm should control the cost through effective pay strategy. The above decisions could have the following effect on the hygienists – their income would increase; the effort put in by an individual would benefit him/her i.e. every individual is responsible for his/her incentives. Thirdly they would get an opportunity to work with an efficient peer group thereby nurturing each other. For Assistants & Receptionists: 1. The firm should encourage wage earners to spend time on highly skilled tasks. 2. Decrease interoffice concern about peer pay. Pay should be based on training level. 3. The weekly payroll should be known. 4. Annual bonus would motivate team work and coordination. By implementing these they would have stable pay, little daily pressure to up sell services. Their pay easily calculated each week. It would allow them to take time off providing high quality of work. CONCLUSIONS In the scenario where Dr. Perry business is growing at a healthy rate it is important to continuously monitor pay structure of the firm and revise it from time to time since remuneration is directly related to the motivation level of the employees. Dr. Perry must change the pay structure to accommodate profit sharing with the employees in the form of a bonus which would be a percentage of the total profits of the practice, in the case of increased revenues for that particular year. This method is better for the business at this stage because the practice is still in a growth stage. The profits can be divided among the different categories of employees in a number of ways. A drastic change in the pay structure from fixed to completely variable is not recommended because in case of lower collections in any particular year, it may lead to lower earnings for the employees. This pay structure can be further revised in the future to increase the profit sharing element in the remuneration of the employees as the firm grows bigger. MANAGERIAL LEARNINGS 1. Monetary benefits motivate people to perform better in most cases. It is important for managers to understand the link between the pay structure and the motivation levels of employees. Merely high wage rates may not be sufficient to motivate the employees and they must given a fair share of the profits earned by the firm. 2. Performance linked Variable Pay (PLVP) is a salary component present in most of the MNCs. This keeps the employees motivated to continuously increase their productivity rather than a fixed salary which may lead to a laid back style of working thereby impacting the performance negatively. 3. It is important for mangers to know the contribution of individual employees and different categories of employees and must frame the pay structure in accordance with the same. This would ensure that employees are rewarded sufficiently for better performances. 4. Keeping the market standards in mind, pay – structures must be constantly monitored and should be revised along with the growth of the firm in terms of revenue earned and the volume of business for employees of all levels. 5. Firms disclose their revenue generated through Quarterly/Semi Annual Meets. Managers must make sure that the employees understand not only the revenue aspect of a growing firm but also the increased costs associated with them and therefore emphasise on the need for higher productivity from the employees.

Essay on Psychology of Successful Students - 1132 Words

What means to be a successful student? Being productive at studies, working at part-time job, or expressing talents? Yes, in the modern world all these activities can characterize a student as a successful one. The reason for this statement is that the time when the only student’s mission was to study had passed. Our life gets faster and faster rhythm, so it is very important to be everywhere and to do everything. I, as a student, see this picture very clear in daily life: parents expect the highest grades in the University, employers ask for more work experience, and, finally, the talents should be expressed. Definitely, there is no necessity to do all this things in certain period of life, but there is a possibility to do it. Looking to†¦show more content†¦There is no exact definition as it is subjective field, but it can be defined as complex of thoughts and actions which contribute to the success of a person. One more important thing which will be discussed is â €Å"Living today†. This aspect is very important part of my research which shows the direction to everybody – everything should be done today, not tomorrow, because nobody knows whether tomorrow will come at all. The term, connected to the previous one, is positive thinking. This term sounds simply, nevertheless this term is quite difficult. One thing is to know what positive thinking is, and totally different thing is to apply such way of thinking in your life. Positive thinking is something which helps us to color our life. It helps to overcome stress and look positively at the future. In my research positive thinking will help students to believe in their ability and power. Time management skills refer to how effectively it is possible to use student’s time. Careful planning can be a good base for all the activities in student’s life. One more term – preferable learning style – means the certain way of learning which suits to certain stud ents. 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Abraham Lincoln s The Battle Of Gettysburg - 984 Words

While in office, Abraham Lincoln faced an almost unsurmountable task. Not only did Lincoln try to eradicate the idea of a human owning another human, but he also had to keep unity among the country. With a civil war raging, and a divided country in anarchy, Lincoln did not have the odds in his favor. After the Battle of Gettysburg, Lincoln took a step back to show everybody, through the Gettysburg Address, the doom that America will face if it were to continue down the path that it is heading. Lincoln didn’t just accomplish this goal, but he also created an underlined metaphor, between the fallen heroes of Gettysburg, and the fate of America. The most predominant message in Abraham Lincoln’s speech was that if America didn’t rise above this outlandish war being fought, then the entire country would soon face the same fate as the fallen participants in the Battle of Gettysburg. Abraham Lincoln performs the remarkable task of using the entire timeline of America. 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